![]() In animal systems there are also small structures within the cells called mitochondria which use the energy stored in sugar molecules from food to form more highly ordered structures. In this way, carbon and water in a more disordered state are combined to form the more ordered sugar molecules. Using chlorophyll in the process called photosynthesis, they convert the sun's energy into storable form in ordered sugar molecules. Order can be produced with an expenditure of energy, and the order associated with life on the earth is produced with the aid of energy from the sun.įor example, plants use energy from the sun in tiny energy factories called chloroplasts. If so, how do biological systems develop and maintain such a high degree of order? Is this a violation of the second law of thermodynamics? The concept of entropy and the second law of thermodynamics suggests that systems naturally progress from order to disorder. (4) CO 2(g) -> CO 2(s) Aug 2004- 21 Even though the process is endothermic, snow can sublime.Decrease of Entropy in Biological Systems Energy and Order in Biological Systems ![]() Jan 2005- 43 Which of these changes produces the greatest June 2005- 20 Systems in nature tend to undergo changes toward ![]() (4) decreases because the particles are more randomly arrangedĪug 2005- 46 At STP, a sample of which element has the highest entropy? (3) decreases because the particles are less randomly arranged (2) increases because the particles are more randomly arranged (1) increases because the particles are less randomly arranged Jan 2007-27 In terms of energy and entropy, systems in nature tend to undergo changes towardĪug 2006- 49 Which list of the phases of H 2O is arranged in order of increasing entropy?Īs a sample of I 2(s) sublimes to I 2(g), the entropy of the sample (4) The dissolving of the LiBr(s) in water is an exothermic process. (3) The dissolving of the LiBr(s) in water is an endothermic process. (2) The entropy of the LiBr(aq) is less than the entropy of the water. (1) The entropy of the LiBr(aq) is greater than the entropy of the water. Which statement best explains why the thermometer reading initially increases when LiBr(s) is dissolved in the water? June 2008- 17 A thermometer is in a beaker of water. Under suitable thermodynamic conditions, entropy has been predicted or discovered to induce systems to form ordered liquid-crystals, crystals, and quasicrystals. (2) Br 2(l) at 266 K (4) Br 2(g) at 332 K In these systems phases that would be labeled as disordered by virtue of their higher entropy (in the sense of Clausius or Helmholtz) are ordered in both the everyday sense and in Landau theory. June 2008- 45 Which 1-mole sample has the least entropy? (4) It is exothermic, and entropy increases.Īug 2009- 45 The entropy of a sample of H 2O increases as the sample changes from a (3) It is exothermic, and entropy decreases. (2) It is endothermic, and entropy increases. (1) It is endothermic, and entropy decreases. Jan 2010 44 Given the balanced equation representing a phase change: To rank items as equivalent, overlap them. SeptemChristian Right Lobbies To Overturn Second Law Of Thermodynamics Transcribed Image Text: Rank these systems in order of decreasing entropy. Solid and liquid becomes a solution and gasĬ 2H 5OH(l) + 3O 2(g) -> 2CO 2(g) + 3H 2O(g) A process where a solid changes to a liquid or gas or a liquid changes to a gasĮxamples-Highlight the boxes to reveal the answer and reasoning.Ģ NaHCO 3(s) -> Na 2CO 3(s) + H 2O (g) + CO 2(g)ĢNH 3(g) + CO 2(g) -> NH 2CONH 2(aq) + H 2O(l)ĢNa 2O 2(s) + 2H 2O(l) -> 4NaOH(aq) + O 2(g).A reaction occurs in which there is an increase in the moles of gas in the product.A reaction breaks up a larger molecule into smaller molecular fragments.***Entropy increases will be observed when any one or more of the following occur: The entropy change of a reaction is given the symbol ΔS, units when used are J/mol K (not kJ). For instance a mixture of two different gases will have greater entropy than the sum of the entropies of the two gases alone. In this example there are two moles of gas on the right hand side and only one mole of gas on the left hand side - the entropy increases going from left to right (reactants to products).ĭisorder can also arise by mixing different components. If the number of moles of gas increases in a chemical reaction (as shown by the stoichiometry of the reaction) then the entropy also increases. Solids < Liquids < Aqueous Solutions < Gases Solutions have a greater entropy than pure liquids as the particles in a solution are more separated and solvent molecules separate the solute particles. Liquids have much lower entropies and solids lower still. Gas particles have random motion have high entropy values. This is considered to be the degree of disorder of a system.
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